File and Folders:- A file is the basic unit of storage. It represents a document or a program. The icons that represent it depend on the file. Windows can guess of what a file may contain usually by examining the 3-character extension in the file name and display an appropriate icon to represent it.
               Folders contain files and other folders. They are principally meant to be used so as to organise the managed data in a systematic way. Folders replace directories of wondows and the earlier versions of MS-DOS. To create a shared folders across a network, as in the windows for work groups, we must click the right mouse button on the desired folder and select the sharing options from the properties dialog box. A shared folder is represented by a folder icon with a hand holding it from underneath.
Customizing your Menu:- Windows allows you to add commands for any installed program to start or program menu which allows you to have a quick access to programs you use most. You can also remove items that you really use from start and program menus.
Control panel:- Control panel is used to customize the windows environment. It consists of a number of utilities to do a number of jobs. 
For example:-
1. To add a new font.
2. To add or remove a device driver for hardware.
3. To add or remove a window component.
4. To adjust double-click speed of mouse.
5. To change the size of screen area.
6. To install a modem.
7. To set up a printer.
8. To set up a screen server.
9. To view information about your hardware.
10. To change the date and time of the system.
Setting screen colour from control panel:-
1. Select colour schemes box.
2. Select scheme.
3. Click OK.
Setting Date and Time:- Double click on Date/time icon. A box apears. Select digits for months in box named date. Click up down to select month click OK.
Loading Screen Saver:-
1. Select one of ghe screen saver.
2. Click test.
3. Adjust time.
4. Click OK.
Clip Board:- Clip board is a built-in utility that adds process of copying information between application. By using clipboard, you can mark portion of text in one application window and drop it into another application window.
Windows Explorer:- In windows Explorer you can see both the hierarchy of folders on your computer and all the files and folders in each selected folder. This is especially useful for copying and moving files.
To Dtart Explorer:-
1. Click start.
2. Click program and window explorer.
Left pane of windows explorer screen shows directory structure while right pane shows directories and files in selected directory.
Working with Directories:- Some files, folders have a plus sign (+) in them. Others have a minus (-) sign. + indicates that there are additional sub-directories attached to the directory and that these are not currently showing. A - sing indicates that all immediate sub-directories are currently visible. To use any directory it needs to be selected only one directory which can be selected at a time. To select a directory click on directory name.
Creating a Folder:- From tree, select directory under which you want to create a sub-directory. Choose file-new-folder on right pane of screen. A new folder is created. Type in name of new directory and press enter key. You can notice change in tree structure immediately.
Deleting a Directory:- To delete a directory, first select the directory to be deleted,  then select file option and then delete option. A dialog box will be displayed asking for YES/NO.
Searching a file or folder:-
1. Click tools-find  and then files/folder.
2. A file search box will be displayed.
3. Enter the name of file or folder. To see a number of file (s) use * or ? If required.
4. Click find new.
5. You can also use brows option.
FILE COMMANDS:-
1. Moving a File:- 
A. In my computer or window Explorer, click the file or folder you want to move.
B. Open Edit menu click out.
C. Open the folder or disk, where you want to put the copy.
D. On the Edit menu, click Paste.
Note:- To select more than one files or folders, hold down the Ctrl key and then click the items you want.
2. Copying a file:- 
A. In My Computer or Window Explorer, click the file or folder you want to copy.
B. On the edit menu, click copy.
C. Open the folder or disk where you want to put the copy.
D. On the edit menu, click paste.
Note:- To select more than one files or folder, hold down the Ctrl key and then click the item you want.
3. Deleting Files:- 
A. In My Computer or Window Explorer click the file or folder you want to delete.
B. On the file menu, click delete.
4. Renaming a file:-
A. In My Computer or Window Explorer click the file or folder you want to rename.
B. On the file menu, click rename.
C. Type the new name and then press Enter Key.
5. Changing properties of a file:-
A. In My Computer or Window Explorer, click the file or folder whose properties you want to change.
B. On the file menu, click properties.
C. Enter any change in the properties dialog box.
Attributes are Archive Hidden system and read only.
6. Formatting Disk:- 
A. If the disk you want to format is a floppy disk insert it into drive, otherwise skip to step B.
B. In My Computer or in the right pane of Window Explorer, click the icon for the disk you want to format.
C. On the file menu click format.
7. Printing a Document:-
A. If the document is open, on the file menu click print.
B. If the document is not open,  drag the document from My Computer or Windows Explorer to your printer in the printer folder.
USING ESSENTIAL ACCESSORIES:-Window include several useful applications to help you to manage various tasks. Hence application called accessories were installed into accessories menu.
How to use Accessories:-
1. Use media player and sound recorder to play or record sound files and work with other multimedia devices.
2. Use calculator, calendar and clock to manage personal informing.
3. Use write, Note pad, Paint brush and character map for publishing or writing tasks.
4. Use terminal to communicate with another computer through a modem.
5. Use recorder to record key strokes or mouse actions to ply back later.
NOTE PAD:- Notepad is not a too fancy word processor which comes in handy to write small notes/menus or daily diary which has been bundled into notepad. The moment you open Notepad, you will find a cursor waiting for you to begin typing. Hence Notepad is a program to view, creat, and edit small text files such as configuration text file, read me files or the contents of the window clipboard.
 To start Notepad:-
START ➡ PROGRAMS ➡  ACCESSORIES ➡ NOTEPAD
           Now you will see a notepad window which consists of a menu bar and text area. The notepad menus contain standard options as well as soon unique options.
1. File Menu of Notepad:- This menu does not contain unique options but when a file is opened in notepad then any existing formatting is stripped from the file which turns it into ASCII format.
2. Edit Menu of Notepad:- The edit menu of notepad contain following options:-
1. FIND:- This option allows you to search for words in a document.
2. Find text:- It finds the next occurrence in search term.
3. Replaces:- This option allows to find a word and replace it with another word.
4. Go To:- It allows to go directly to a specific page number.
5. Select All:- This option selects all the text of a document.
6. Time/Date:- This option changes the current time and date to the document at the insertion point.
3. Format Menu of Notepad:- It contains the following two unique options:-
1. Word Wrap:- This option toggles word wrap on/off and if this option is enabled word wrap automatically around to the next line.
2. Font:- This option allows to choose a font for the text.
Working with text:-
1. Create a new text file by typing in the text area and saving the file.
2. Open an existing text file by choosing file - Open
3. Place the contents of the windows clip board into notepad by choosing Edit/Paste.
Note:- We must understand that a notepad is a scaled down version of Wordpad and offers very few of the formatting capabilities that Word pad offers.
Saving and printing a Document File in Notepad:-
1. Open file menu.
2. Choose Save option to save the currently active document.
3. Choose Save As option to save the currently active document by using a different name.
4. Print:- For printing a document opens the print dialog box which allows you to print the currently active document. Now you can specify the printer to use the pages to print, the number of copies to print, whether you want to collate the print job and whether you want to print a file.